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Author
Ira L. Cohen, PhD, Vicki Sudhalter, PhD
Description
The PDDBI is an informant-based rating scale that is designed to assist in the assessment of children who have been diagnosed with a pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) as defined by the DSM-IV. PDD is characterised by severe and pervasive impairments in several areas of development (e.g. communication skills, reciprocal social interaction skills, presence of stereotypic behaviours/activities). Unlike existing assessments for autism/PDD, the PDDBI was developed to assess both problem behaviours as well as appropriate social, language, and learning/memory skills. It also was designed to provide age-standardised scores for both parent and teacher ratings.
The PDDBI may be utilised across a variety of settings. For example, it may be used as a clinical tool for assisting in diagnosis and treatment recommendations and for assessing change over time. In addition, the PDDBI may be useful in educational settings (e.g. placement decisions, intervention planning, evaluating outcomes) and research applications (e.g. dependent measure for treatment intervention).
The PDDBI materials include the Professional Manual, the Parent Rating Form, the Teacher Rating Form, the Parent Score Summary Sheet, the Teacher Score Summary Sheet, and the Profile Form. Each of the Rating Forms includes an extended set of items (Parent = PDDBI-PX, with 188 items; Teacher = PDDBI-TX, with 180 items) and a standard set of items (Parent = PDDBI-P and Teacher = PDDBI-T, each with 124 items), allowing the clinician to decide on a case-by-case basis how he or she wishes to administer the items.
The extended form is appropriate for use when the clinician wishes to assess other aspects of the child's behaviours beyond those that are specifically associated with autism. These other behaviours (e.g. fear, aggression) may be important to the clinician who is concerned with placement issues and treatment recommendations. The standard form is appropriate if the primary concerns are specifically related to autism (e.g. whether treatment is specifically affecting targeted behaviours).
The PDDBI Extended Rating Forms consist of 10 domains for both the parent and the teacher versions; the standard forms both consist of six domains. Each domain consists of a variable number of behavioural clusters that best represent that domain. The clusters help to identify those behaviours that contribute most to a child's score on a given domain. Domain scores are divided into two sections, Approach/Withdrawal Problems and Receptive-Expressive Social Communications Abilities.
Standardisation, Reliability, and Validity
The PDDBI is appropriate with children from a broad range of racial/ethnic and socio-economic contexts. The standardisation sample consisted of 369 parents and 277 teachers of children with well-defined autism from a range of racial/ethnic backgrounds and geographic regions.
- Test-retest stability for the teacher ratings ranged from .65-.99 over an average 2-week interval. For the parent sample, test-retest stability ratings ranged from .38-.91 over a 12-month interval.
- Concurrent validity for the PDDBI was assessed via comparison with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, the Nisonger Child Behavior Scales, the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, and the Griffiths Mental Development Scales.
- Clinical Validity was assessed via comparison with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Interview-Revised, the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic, and the Vineland Adaptive Functioning Level.
New in 2017! The PDDBI Professional Manual Supplement: Autism Spectrum Decision Tree (ASD-DT)
The ASD-DT is designed to enhance the diagnostic power of the PDDBI. Once a parent or teacher has completed the Extended Form, the ASD-DT allows you to use those scores to complete the branches of a decision tree that ultimately results in a diagnostic category. An algorithm is used to transform PDDBI scores into subgroups of ASD (Atypical ASD, Minimally Verbal ASD, or Verbal ASD) as well as non-ASD subgroups. Intervention suggestions and further recommendations are provided for all subgroups. The ASD-DT is designed to be used with individuals ages 1.6 to 12.5 years.
New in 2017! The PDDBI Professional Manual Supplement: Adolescent Normative Data
This new supplement extends the age range of the PDDBI normative data to age 18:5 years. Ideal for use when monitoring progress over time, this extension to the normative data may be used with both parent and teacher ratings on the PDDBI. The standardisation sample includes individuals from a range of racial and ethnic backgrounds and geographic regions. The adolescent normative data are appropriate for use when either the standard or extended items are administered.
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